What Are Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries? Main Advantages and Usage

As discussions around the sustainability of lithium as a green energy source continue, the popularity of lithium thionyl chloride batteries is on the rise. This article explores the advantages of these batteries.

Lithium batteries are not a recent development; they have been widely used for years in various applications, including electronics, handheld power tools, and battery-operated toys. Over time, we have expanded our offerings, placing a particular emphasis on lithium thionyl chloride batteries designed specifically for industrial use.

So, what exactly are these batteries, and how can they benefit you?

What Are Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries?  

Lithium thionyl chloride batteries, also known as Li-SOCl₂ batteries, are primary cell batteries that utilize a sulfonated thionyl chloride electrolyte as the positive electrode.

A key distinction between this battery type and other lithium batteries is that Li-SOCl₂ batteries cannot be recharged once they are discharged.

There are two primary construction methods for these batteries, each offering unique advantages. The first method involves a spiral wound design, while the second utilizes a bobbin-type construction.

Bobbin-type Li-SOCl₂ batteries are particularly noteworthy, as they deliver numerous benefits, including the ability to be combined with a hybrid layer capacitor. This combination enhances their performance, allowing for higher periodic pulses and enabling two-way wireless communications.

Usage of Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries  

Lithium thionyl chloride batteries are highly durable and possess unique characteristics, making them ideal for various industrial applications. They are commonly used in the aerospace and automotive industries, as well as in a variety of meters and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices. Additionally, these batteries are utilized in medical equipment, including defibrillators.

One of the key advantages of Li-SOCl₂ batteries is their ability to withstand high temperatures, up to 125 degrees Celsius, allowing them to endure sterilization processes critical in medical settings. Conversely, they also perform well in low-temperature environments, typically down to -80 degrees Celsius, making them suitable for monitoring devices used in the transportation of donor organs and similar applications.

Moreover, many modern Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) in aircraft are now powered by Li-SOCl₂ batteries due to their lightweight design and ability to operate effectively in low temperatures.

Given their long lifespan and outstanding performance, lithium thionyl chloride batteries are widely adopted across numerous industrial sectors.

Advantages of Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries  

One of the primary advantages of lithium thionyl chloride batteries is their high nominal voltage, which is significantly higher than that of other lithium batteries. While most lithium batteries operate between 1.5 and 3 volts, Li-SOCl₂ batteries maintain a nominal voltage of 3.6 volts throughout their lifespan, thanks to their unique chemistry.

These batteries also excel in energy density, achieving up to 730 watt-hours per kilogram, making them among the most efficient on the market. Additionally, they can operate effectively in a wide temperature range, from extremely low to very high temperatures, allowing for diverse applications.

Li-SOCl₂ batteries are commonly used in metering devices such as timers and toll systems. Another significant benefit of their specialized chemical process is their remarkable durability, with a self-discharge rate of just 1% per year—an impressive figure for any battery type.

These batteries come in various sizes and shapes, but all share the same exceptional qualities, including high voltage and durability. They also recover quickly after prolonged storage and contain non-flammable electrolytes, enhancing their safety in different environments.

Given their long lifespan, lithium thionyl chloride batteries are often utilized as backup power sources for low-consumption devices. Furthermore, amidst ongoing discussions about sustainable energy, it's important to highlight that these batteries are recyclable and environmentally friendly. Their low flammability also contributes to reduced toxicity upon disposal, making them a safer choice overall.

FAQ

How long do lithium thionyl chloride batteries last?

With low self-discharging of 1-2% per year, these batteries are expected to last at least 10 to 20 years, depending on the specific load profile of the application. Tadiran manufactures ultra-long-life batteries boasting a minimal self-discharge rate of 0.7%, capable of achieving a remarkable 40-year lifespan.

Are lithium thionyl chloride batteries safe?

Containing toxic and corrosive liquid thionyl chloride, these batteries may impact skin and eyes if in contact.

However, proper handling and disposing of will protect you from any hazard.